First Albanian language learning book was published in Iran

A step towards enhancing cultural ties between Iran and Albania

The first Albanian language learning book was published in Iran




Vahid Parsttash
A book ’preface "Albanian in trip" is about Albanian (Albanian dialect "joha chip queries"), which is a language of the Indo-European family origin in Albania and Kosovo, But this language is spoken in other parts of the world. At present, more than ten million people all of the worldwide speak with this language.

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منابع مناسب برای آزمون زبان عمومی دکتری گرایش های علوم سیاسی

منابع مناسب برای آزمون زبان عمومی دکتری گرایش های علوم سیاسی

آزمون زبان عمومی همچنان که بسیاری از داوطلبان در آزمون کارشناسی ارشد یا سایر آزمون های زبان با آن برخورد داشته اند به گونه ای نیست که بتوان منبع جامع و کاملی برای آن معرفی کرد و معمولا سطح کلی آشنایی با زبان داوطلبان را محک می زنند. کتابهای زیر که به عنوان منابع مناسب زبان عمومی آزمون دکتری معرفی می گردند کتاب هایی است که دقیقا آزمون های زبان عمومی را در سطح دکتری یا کارشناسی ارشد هدف گیری نموده اند و تلاش کرده اند لغات و قواعد رایج این گونه آزمون ها را به صورت مشخص تری ارائه نمایند تا داوطلبانی که معمولا با مشکل صرف زمان بر روی درس زبان عمومی مواجه هستند فراغت بیشتری برای سایر دروس خود پیدا کنند.

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زبان تخصصی: معرفی مجلات تخصصی روابط بین الملل

زبان تخصصی : معرفی مجلات تخصصی روابط بین الملل

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JOURNALS AND MAGAZINES



• American Diplomacy-- A free, quarterly "electronic journal of commentary, analysis, and research on American foreign policy and its practice," run largely by retired U.S. diplomats, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with archive.
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زبان تخصصی : MEDIA IN THE WORLD

زبان تخصصی : MEDIA IN THE WORLD


The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule. As with all technological endeavours, a number of technical terms and slang have developed. A list of these terms can be found at List of broadcasting terms. Television and radio programs are distributed through radio broadcasting or cable, often both simultaneously. By coding signals and having a cable converter box with decoding equipment in homes, the latter also enables subscription-based channels, pay-tv and pay-per-view services.

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زبان تخصصی: Winston Churchill

A guide to the life and career of Sir Winston Churchill

By Piers Brendon

Winston's childhood was not a particularly happy one. Like many Victorian parents, Lord and Lady Randolph Churchill were distant. The family Nanny, Mrs Everest, became a surrogate mother to Winston and his younger brother, John S Churchill.

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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 25-26   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter Y & Z

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 25-26  
POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter Y & Z

yardstick
standard of comparison. For example, in the debate over health care reform in 1993, the Canadian health care system was sometimes used as a yardstick to evaluate the American system and the proposed reforms.
zealot
fanatic; a person who is extremely partisan. Adolf Hitler was a zealot, so also, by most people's reckoning, was the Ayotollah Khomeini.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 23-24   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter W & X

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 23-24   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter W & X

war crime

a crime against humanity, such as deliberate killing of civilians or mistreatment of prisoners, committed during a war. The most notorious example of war crimes in recent history are those committed by Nazi Germany during World War II. In 1946, at the Nuremberg Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, 24 leading Nazis were tried by the victorious allied powers for war crimes. Nineteen were found guilty and 12 were sentenced to death. The subject came up again in the context of the 1992-95 war in Bosnia, where atrocities perpetrated by Serbs against Moslem civilians led to war crimes charges being brought against Serb leaders.

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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 21-22   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter U & V

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 21-22   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter U & V


underground
political or military opposition that cannot come out in the open. Often happens in times of war, when a country is occupied by an enemy, as in the French underground during World War II.

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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 20     POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter T

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 20     POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter T


http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/img/PoliticalDictionary.jpg
terrorism
the pursuit of a political aim by means of violence and intimidation. Modern terrorism emerged in 1968 with the hijacking of an Israeli El Al plane by Palestinians in Algeria. Terrorism has since become one of the most frequent and powerful means of waging war. In the 1980s, there was a total of almost 4,000 incidents worldwide, which was up by one-third from the 1970s. The number of deaths from terrorism doubled in that period. In the 1990s there has been a decrease in terrorist incidents worldwide. But also in that period, the danger from terrorism in the U.S. has increased, including the bombing of the World Trade Center, New York, in 1993. In 1995, the U.S. suffered the worst terrorist attack in its history, when 167 people were killed by a bomb placed by terrorists outside a federal building in Oklahoma City. Two anti-government Americans were convicted of the crime. In 1998, international terrorism flared up again, with bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, incidents which were quickly followed by U.S. attacks on terrorist targets in Sudan and Afghanistan.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 19     POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter S

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 19     POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter S


sabotage
intentional obstruction or destruction of organized activity.
sacred cow
any principle or thing that is regarded as being beyond attack, or untouchable. For example, in current political debate about balancing the federal budget, Social Security is considered a sacred cow, and no politician would dare risk proposing to cut it.

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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 17-18    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter Q & R

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 17-18    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter Q & R

quid pro quo

a Latin phrase meaning one thing for another; tit-for-tat. For example, during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962, President John Kennedy gave a personal (although not official) pledge that the crisis could be defused by a quid pro quo: If the Russians removed their missiles from Cuba, the U.S. would within a few months remove its own missiles from Turkey.

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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 16     POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter P

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 16     POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter P


pacifism the doctrine that holds that war is never justifiable and that all disputes between nations should be settled peacefully. Probably the most powerful statements in favor of pacifism this century were written by Russian novelist turned Christian anarchist, Leo Tolstoy, in tracts such as "Bethink Yourselves," written to protest the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05. pact a broad term that refers to an international agreement, such as the Nazi-Soviet pact in 1939.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 15       POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter O

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 15       POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter O

obscenity something that is indecent and offensive. Obscene material is usually of an explicit sexual nature. A current national debate concerns the proliferation of obscene material over the Internet, and whether it should be censored. Those who oppose censorship often cite free speech, although in 1957 the Supreme Court ruled that obscenity was not protected under the First Amendment. However, one of the problems is that a workable definition of obscenity is hard to come by. Is something obscene, as some argue,
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 14   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter N

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 14

POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter N


Napoleonic law often considered the chief legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte, the Code Napoleon (Napoleonic law) came into effect in 1804 and remains the law of France. It is a collection of legal principles, in five sections: the Civil Code, the code of civil procedure, the code of criminal procedure and penal law, the penal code, and the commercial code. The Codes were based on common sense rather than any legal theory. According to the Cambridge Modern History, "the Codes preserve the essential conquests of the revolutionary spirit-civil equality, religious toleration, the emancipation of land, public trial, the jury of judgment. . . . .
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 13    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter M

لغات تخصصی سیاسی ۱۳

POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter M


Machiavellian one who adopts the principles of Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), a Florentine political theorist who advocated the use of duplicity and cunning in political affairs. Machiavelli thought man was naturally evil and was best governed by the use of fear and force: "Whoever desires to found a state and give it laws, must start with assuming that all men are bad and ever ready to display their vicious nature." An unscrupulous and crafty strategy was acceptable because the ends justified the means. macroeconomics a branch of economics that is concerned with the overall picture of the economy, with aggregates rather than individual parts. Macroeconomics deals with data such as the level of employment, Gross National Product, economic growth, balance of payments, inflation, etc., rather than with individual companies or markets, which is the province of microeconomics.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 11 - 12    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter K & L

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 11 - 12   
POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter K & L

Keynesianism
the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), and his followers. The Englishman Keynes's best known work was the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 at the height of the Great Depression. Keynes shifted the attention of economists from microeconomics to macroeconomics. Much of his book is on the causes of unemployment.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 10   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter J

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 10 
POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter J

Jacobinism
the political doctrines of the Jacobins, a society of revolutionary democrats in France during the time of the French Revolution (1789-1794). The term can be used to refer to any political radicalism.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 9   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter I

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 9  
POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter I
idealism
the belief that politics should be governed by high ideals, based on the perception of how things should be rather than how they actually are. The term usually suggests impracticality, something that does not take into account the inherent imperfections and limitations of human nature and society.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 8   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter H

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 8 
 POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter H

hard currency
currency that has a stable value in international exchange and is therefore freely convertible into currency of other countries. The opposite is soft currency, which is subject to exchange controls. Hard currency serves as an international currency.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی7    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter G

لغات تخصصی سیاسی7   
POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter G

general strike
a strike that is not limited to one trade or industry, but involves several, and is sufficiently widespread to paralyze the economy. In U.S. history, general strikes occurred in the early days of unionism but were generally short-lived, and diminished as labor unions became more practiced and successful at negotiating with employers. The general strike has been a more effective weapon in Europe. In Britain in 1926, for example, a general strike involving miners and transportation workers brought the country to a standstill for nine days.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی6    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter F

لغات تخصصی سیاسی6   
 POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter F

Fabianism
the socialist ideas outline by the Fabian society, a group founded in Britain in 1884. It rejected violent revolution, arguing that socialism would come about through the ballot box after a long period of political evolution.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی5    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter E

لغات تخصصی سیاسی5   
 POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter E
earmarked
to set aside for a special purpose, as when in a budget, funds are earmarked for certain projects.
ecclesiastical
pertaining to church matters, as in ecclesiastical courts, ecclesiastical history, etc.
ecology
the branch of biology that deals with the relation between living things and their environment. Ecology is an important political issue today, although it is usually comes under the umbrella of "environmental" issues. These include the human-made destruction of the environment (cutting down of rain forests, thinning of the ozone layer, for example) which in the opinion of environmentalists constitute a grave threat to life on earth. See environmental protection; greenhouse effect; ozone layer; toxic wastes.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی4    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter D

لغات تخصصی سیاسی4   
POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter D

dark horse
someone in a race (including a political race) who is not well known and whose chances of winning are considered slight, except by a few.
de facto
Latin phrase meaning by the fact of; in fact, whether right or not. For example, if a revolution has just taken place in a country, the new government will be the de facto authority, i.e. the actual, existing authority, regardless of whether they have any legal claim to the position. De facto is the opposite of de jure.
de jure
Latin phrase meaning from the law; by right. The opposite of de facto.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 3   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter C

لغات تخصصی سیاسی 3  
 POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter C

cabinet
an advisory committee to a president or prime minister, formed by the heads of government departments.
cadre
the nucleus around which a permanent military unit can be built, such as a cadre of officers. Also refers to the most dedicated members of a political party.
caliphate
the office or rank of caliph (meaning ruler), in a Moslem country. The term derives from the title taken by the successors of Mohammed, the founder of Islam.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی 2   POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter B

لغات تخصصی سیاسی  ۲
POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter B
balance of power
the concept that world peace is best served when no one power in any region gains sufficient military strength to dominate other states in that region. The term was first used to describe European statecraft in the nineteenth century. Keeping the balance of power on the European continent was a cornerstone of British diplomacy-the concept being that if one power or coalition of powers got too strong, the weaker states would make an alliance to combat it. Alliances therefore were not a matter of ideology but of simple pragmatism; they would continually shift to maintain the balance of power. In that way an equilibrium was maintained which discouraged wars. After World War II the idea of the balance of power was in some ways superceded by what was termed the "balance of terror," but balance of power diplomacy is always present in one form or another.
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لغات تخصصی سیاسی1    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter A

لغات تخصصی سیاسی    POLITICAL DICTIONARY The Letter A

The Letter A
abdication
voluntary resignation from office by a queen or king. The most famous abdication in recent history came in 1936, when Britain's Edward VIII abdicated the throne because the British establishment would not permit him to marry Wallis Simpson, an American divorcee.
abrogation
the repeal of a law, treaty, or contract, either by mutual agreement or unilaterally.
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سوالات آزمون دکتری دانشگاه تهران - سال 1379

 بسمه تعالی

سوالات آزمون دکتری دانشگاه تهران - سال 1379

 زبان تخصصی :

-         دو متن برای ترجمه از انگلیسی به فارسی

الف ) National & Transnational

ب) The problem of Order

شگاه تهران - سال 1379

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معرفی منابع زبان اصلی ، تخصصی سیاست خارجی

معرفی منابع زبان اصلی ، تخصصی سیاست خارجی


Amnon Aran, Israel’s Foreign Policy Towards the PLO (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2009, 176pp., £49.95, hbk).

Helen Belopolsky, Russia and the Challengers: Russian Alignment with China, Iran, and Iraq in the Unipolar Era (Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, 183 pp., £50.00, hbk.)

Federiga Bindi (ed) The Foreign Policy of the European Union: Assessing Europe’s Role in the World (Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2010, 288 pp, $29.95 pbk)

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زبان تخصصي :‌ ( بین الملل گرایی 1 )  Cosmopolitanisms

زبان تخصصي :‌ ( بین الملل گرایی 1 )  Cosmopolitanisms

http://www.palgrave.com/products/ShowJacket.asp?ISBN=9780230228672&width=155&height=205

The political culture idealized in the writings of Plato and Aristotle is not cosmopolitan. In this culture, a man identifies himself first and foremost as a citizen of a particular polis or city, and in doing so, he signals which institutions and which body of people hold his allegiance. He would then be counted on for help in defending the city from attacks, sustaining its institutions of justice, and contributing to its common good. In this way, his own pursuit of a good life is inextricably bound to the fate of the city and to the similar pursuit carried out by other inhabitants of the city. By contrast, the good person would not be expected to share with or serve any foreigners who live outside the city. Any cosmopolitan expectations on a good Athenian extended only to concern for those foreigners who happen to reside in Athens.

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